System 04 · Record levels every quarter for three years

Threshold

Temporary accommodation cost and placement intelligence

Record homelessness, a subsidy gap frozen at 2011 rates, and no national view of what councils are actually paying for the same room.

Local governmentHousingPublic money

The problem

At 31 March 2026 there were 135,580 households in temporary accommodation including 177,530 children — both records since the series began in 2004. Children in temporary accommodation have set a record for twelve consecutive quarters.

The financial mechanism is specific and fixable. Housing benefit subsidy for temporary accommodation is capped at 90% of January 2011 Local Housing Allowance rates — frozen for fifteen years. Councils have already absorbed £1.5bn more than they have been reimbursed, projected to exceed £3.9bn by 2030. Gross spend hit £2.8bn in 2024-25, up 25% in one year.

The fastest-growing and most expensive category is nightly-paid self-contained accommodation, now 37.9% of all placements and rising. 43,180 households are placed out of area, 32% of the total, and London authorities account for 82% of those.

What does not exist anywhere is a national view of price. Neighbouring councils bid against each other for the same rooms from the same landlords, with no visibility of what anyone else is paying. It is a market with hundreds of buyers, no price discovery, and desperate demand.

And a new statutory duty has just created a data-matching requirement with no system behind it. The National Plan to End Homelessness commits to requiring local authorities to notify schools, GPs and health visitors when a child is placed in temporary accommodation. That means matching 177,530 frequently-moved children, often placed across borough boundaries, to three separate public services in near real time. Nothing currently does this.

135,580
Households in temporary accommodation, March 2026 — a record
177,530
Children in temporary accommodation — a record for twelve consecutive quarters
£1.5bn
Subsidy gap already absorbed by councils, heading for £3.9bn by 2030
£5.5m
Spent per day on homelessness by London boroughs in 2024-25

The system

Threshold creates the price transparency that this market lacks. It normalises temporary accommodation spend from council payment data, links it to placement and duty statistics, and produces comparable unit costs by accommodation type, geography and duration.

On top of that it models the subsidy gap precisely — for each authority, the difference between what it pays and what it can reclaim at the frozen 2011 rate — turning a national advocacy figure into an auditable per-authority number that can support both budgeting and reform.

It also maps procurement behaviour: which providers operate across which councils, where the same landlord is charging materially different prices to different authorities, and where cross-boundary bidding is inflating cost for everyone. Neighbouring authorities can then coordinate rather than compete.

Finally it identifies the prevention economics — comparing the cost of a placement against the cost of the intervention that would have prevented it, using each authority’s own data.


Data foundation

Every dataset below is open, or its access constraint is stated

DatasetPublisherWhat it provides
Statutory homelessness statistics (H-CLIC)MHCLGQuarterly duties, placements, accommodation type, out-of-area placements, by authority.
Local authority revenue outturn (RO4)MHCLGHomelessness and temporary accommodation expenditure, gross and net of subsidy.
Local authority spend over £500300+ councilsTransaction-level payments to accommodation providers — the raw price signal.
Local Housing Allowance ratesVOA / DWPCurrent and historic rates, including the frozen January 2011 baseline that governs subsidy.
Companies HouseCompanies HouseProvider ownership structures, to see which landlords operate across multiple authorities.
Energy Performance CertificatesMHCLGProperty-level condition and efficiency evidence for accommodation standards.
ONS private rental pricesONSMarket benchmark against which placement costs are assessed.

Capabilities

01
Unit cost benchmarking
Comparable nightly and weekly costs by accommodation type and area, so an authority can see whether it is paying above the going rate.
02
Subsidy gap calculator
Per-authority quantification of the gap between spend and reclaimable subsidy under the frozen 2011 cap.
03
Provider mapping
Which providers operate where, under what ownership, at what price to which councils.
04
Cross-boundary competition alerts
Where neighbouring authorities are bidding against each other for the same supply.
05
Out-of-area impact
Placement flows between authorities, and the receiving-area service pressures they create.
06
Prevention economics
Cost of placement against cost of the prevention measure that would have avoided it, using local data.
07
Statutory breach early warning
Flags approaching six-week B&B limits for families before the limit is breached.

Benefits

For government

  • Gives MHCLG the evidence base for the National Plan to End Homelessness targets, including eliminating unlawful B&B use beyond six weeks.
  • Quantifies the subsidy gap authority by authority, informing whether and how to relink the temporary accommodation subsidy to current rates.
  • Supports the new ringfence on prevention spend by showing what prevention actually costs against what placement costs.
  • Directly serves the Prime Minister’s stated first instruction on ending rough sleeping and the linked temporary accommodation pressures.

For the public

  • Fewer families in unsuitable accommodation, and fewer placed far from schools, work and support networks.
  • Money not lost to inflated placement prices is money available for prevention and for building.
  • Transparency on who profits from homelessness placements, which is currently almost entirely opaque.

Delivery

Likely sponsor
MHCLG, London Councils, individual billing authorities
Procurement route
DOS7 Lot 1, with MHCLG homelessness programme funding

Phasing

1
Cost normalisation
4 months
Council payment data normalised into comparable unit costs across a representative sample of authorities.
2
Subsidy modelling
3 months
Per-authority gap quantification validated against published outturn.
3
London pilot
6 months
Deployed across a group of London boroughs, where cost concentration and out-of-area placement are most severe.
4
National rollout
9 months
Extended to all authorities with significant temporary accommodation cohorts.

Risks & mitigations

Commercial sensitivity

Providers will object to price transparency. The counter is that this is public money already published under transparency rules; Threshold aggregates what is already open.

Data quality

Council spend data is inconsistently coded. Depends on the normalisation layer built for System 10.

Perverse incentive

Published benchmarks can become a floor as well as a ceiling. Mitigated by publishing distributions rather than single reference prices.


Sources

All sources checked in August 2026. Figures carry the reference period of their source, which may differ from publication date. Where a figure could not be verified against a primary source it is not used.